Onthophagus taurus

The dung beetle genus Onthophagus comprises with over 2,400 extant species the most speciose genus within the animal kingdom. O. taurus itself is the most studied dung beetle and a focal taxon for studies in evolutionary ecology, evolutionary genetics, behavioral ecology, evo-devo and developmental genetics. Like many species within the genus it features extreme secondary sexual traits (horns) and extreme sexual dimorphism (cued by sex-specific development). At the same time this species possesses an equally remarkable (and representative) male dimorphism (cued entirely by larval nutrition) in which large males express huge horns which they use as weapons in male combat, whereas small males remain hornless, non-aggressive, and instead invest into enlarged testes and ejaculates. Onthophagus beetle are emerging as a model system in evodevo and ecodevo, in particular with respect to the evolutionary developmental genetics of plasticity, pattern formation, trait integration, and growth regulation. Extensive transcriptomic data already exist for this as well as other species, alongside a growing number of functional studies using larval RNAi-mediated transcript depletion, which works easily and routinely across diverse species within the genus. 

Genome project history

Current genome assembly:

• Onthophagus taurus genome assembly IU_Otau_3.0 (GCF_036711975.1)

Current annotation(s):

• NCBI Onthophagus taurus Annotation Release GCF_036711975.1-RS_2025_01

Suppressed genome assemblies:

• Whole genome assembly of Onthophagus taurus
• Onthophagus taurus genome assembly Otau_2.0 (GCF_000648695.1)

Suppressed genome annotations:

• Annotation v0.5.3 of the Onthophagus taurus assembly using MAKER (Baylor College of Medicine)
• NCBI Onthophagus taurus Annotation Release 100